Hemorrhoid surgery, or hemorrhoidectomy, is a procedure to remove hemorrhoids—swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum or anus that can cause pain, bleeding, and discomfort. Surgery is typically indicated for severe hemorrhoids that persist despite conservative treatments, such as dietary changes, medications, or minimally invasive procedures. These include large internal hemorrhoids, significant external hemorrhoids, or those that cause chronic symptoms like bleeding, prolapse, or thrombosis. Hemorrhoid surgery is generally a minor procedure performed in an outpatient setting under local or general anesthesia. The surgeon excises the hemorrhoidal tissue, providing relief from symptoms and a relatively quick recovery, allowing patients to return home the same day.